过去分词
一 过去分词的结构：
规则动词加 ed，不规则动词为过去分词。
动词原形 | 一般过去式 | 过去分词 |
Repair | Repaired | Repaired |
Plant | Planted | Planted |
Close | Closed | Closed |
Build | Built | Built |
Break | Broke | Broken |
See | Saw | Seen |
例句：
１ I was qualified to teach English last year.
２ The girl encouraged by her teacher is studying very hard now.
３ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.
４ I found the poor boy beaten up by a group of hooligans.
二 过去分词的功能： A 作表语:
当过去分词作表语时， 过去分词可以简单地被看作是形容词。
１ I am exhausted.www.veduchina.com
２ He felt confused.
３ We are interested in his speech.
区别:
a The glass is broken now.
b The glass was broken by my daughter yesterday.
a 中broken是形容词表示主语的状态：杯子是破的。
b 中broken是表示被动语态：强调的是动作。
B 作定语：
当过去分词作定语时，它相当于一个定语从句。
互换
{ There is a factory built by a very famous company last year.
There is a factory that was built by a very famous company last year.
互换
{ The girl cut by a knife on her face yesterday is receiving a treatment.
The girl who was cut by a knife on her face yesterday is receiving a treatment.
互换
{ The problem discussed by some scholars yesterday is very important.
The problem that was discussed by some scholars yesterday is very important.
注意：
通常单个的过去分词放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语放在被修饰词的后面。
The house has a broken window.
The house has a window broken by some naughty boys.
像非限定定语从句用逗号隔开一样，过在分词也有非限定形式---用逗号隔开。
互换
{ The book, which was written by Xiao Hong, tells the story of modern Americans.
The book, written by Xiao Hong, tells the story of modern Americans.
C 作状语：
当过去分词作状语时，它相当于一个状语从句。
互换
{ Watched carefully, the star is moving.
When the star is watched carefully, it is moving.
互换
{ Born and bred in the village, he is confused by the big city.
Because he was born and bred in the village, he is confused by the big city.
互换
{ Divided by this argument, we will not succeed.
If we are divided by this argument, we will not succeed.
互换
{ Exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey.
Although he was exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey.
注意：
有时候我们可以在过去分词前面加上连词，意思和不加连词一样。
互换
{ Born and bred in the village, he is confused by the big city.
Because born and bred in the village, he is confused by the big city.
Because he was born and bred in the village, he is confused by the big city.
互换
{ Divided by this argument, we will not succeed.
If divided by this argument, we will not succeed.
If we are divided by this argument, we will not succeed.
D 作宾语补足语和主语补足语（进一步地补充说明宾语，主语是一个什么样子）：
宾语补足语
{ I found him ….
I found him beaten up by the police.
主语补足语
{ He was found….
He was found beaten up by the police.
注意：
Have…done 或get…done 表示请人做某事。
１ She got her shoes mended.
２ You’d better have your house rebuilt.
３ I am going to have my hair cut.
E 作独立主格:
当我们在使用过去分词作状语时，过去分词的动作发出者必须和主句谓语动词的动作发出者是同一个人或物。如果动作发出者不是同一人或物，不能使用过去分词，必须使用独立主格。
对： Watched on the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful. thecity was watched AND the city looks 改正:
错: Watched on the top of the hill, Ifound the city very beautiful. thecity was watched BUT I found
使用独立主格
The city watched on the top of the hill, I found it very beautiful.
独立主格的更多例子：１ The project completed successfully, we sang and danced all the night.
２ All things considered, we’d better take part in the activity.
３ He rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
